20091029

storage disks, io, performance, throughput - SATA,SAS,iSCSI,FC

Disk drives
SATA
http://www.sata-io.org/technology/why_sata.asp
Data transfer rate - Direct SATA - Internally connected
I              1.5 gigabits per second (150 MB/s)
II             3.0 gigabits per second (300 MB/s)
III            6.0 gigabits per second (600 MB/s)


eSATA - External SATA
http://www.sata-io.org/technology/esata.asp
http://www.sata-io.org/images/eSATA-logo-1.5Gbs_Color.gif


Comparison of Interface speeds and data transfer rates for external disk drive interfaces
                                                           USB2                         1394                Serial
Raw Interface Speed                          480Mbps                  400Mbps         1500Mbps
Benchmark Comparison 64K read     31.6 MB/sec             34.8MB/sec      42.4MB/sec
Benchmark comparison 64K write    26.5 MB/sec              26.7MB/sec     56.2MB/sec
Burst Transfer Rate                         33.5MB/sec               36.2MB/sec    111.3MB/sec

Superior Link Utilization: Today, an average hard drive operating off its rotating media

(not its cache) might sustain 80 MB/s, a figure much lower than the theoretical maximum
throughput of ~600 MB/s offered by SATA 6Gb/s. With support for up to 15
drives, SATA’s unique port multiplier capabilities enable users to aggregate multiple
drives behind a single SATA port in order to fully utilize host link capacity. In this way,
data across several drives appears as a single logical bank of data. Port multipliers help
to relieve storage bottlenecks, especially in applications such as entry-level servers and
high-bandwidth applications like video post-production.


SAS
http://www.scsita.org/aboutscsi/sas/SAS_roadmap.html
Ultra 320 SCSI
SAS I     3 Gbps
SAS II    6 Gbps ( back ward compatible) - at present
SAS III   12Gbps


1. What is the definition of Serial Attached SCSI?


Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is the logical evolution of SCSI that satisfies the enterprise data center requirement for scalability, performance, reliability and manageability, while leveraging a common electrical and physical interface with Serial ATA (SATA). This compatibility provides users with unprecedented choices for server and storage subsystem deployment.


2. Why was Serial Attached SCSI developed?
was developed to address I/O and direct attach storage requirements that traditional parallel SCSI cannot meet. It provides universal interconnect with SATA, while offering logical SCSI compatibility along with SCSI reliability, performance and manageability.


http://www.scsita.org/aboutscsi/sas/STA_6G_SAS.pdf




Some of the benchmark results are here
Results
SCSI System:
Access Time: 7.6 ms
Max Read: 141.6 MB/s         Min Read: 54.5 MB/s       Average Read: 119.6 MB/s

SAS System:
Access Time: 5.8 ms
Max Read: 196.0 MB/s         Min Read: 117.9 MB/s       Average Read: 172.1 MB
 
SATA WD Caviar Black 1TB Drive:
Access Time: 12.5 ms
Max Read: 108.6 MB/s          Min Read: 52.9 MB/s          Average Read: 85.1 MB/s

Disk enclosures/Storage


MD3000/MD3000i - DELL

MD3000i 48MB/s - throughput



iSCSI
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3720
still to come.... wait for this.

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